Compare and contrast Charlie Gordon

Blossoms of Algerian People are forever discontent with themselves we as a whole remain flawed and that is Just piece of life. In the story â€Å"Flowers for Algerian,† Charlie Gordon has a psychological inability and he needed to be keen and for that he needed to get an activity. In spite of the fact that he shouldn't have offered himself in light of the fact that before the activity he was glad, he worked at a production line, he loved his Job, he had genuine companions and phony companions Just like an ordinary individual does. Having the activity Charlie cut his life short.Charlie ought not have had the activity. Charlie had experienced a great deal and he needed to change. Charlie needed to be savvy, before the activity Charlie was simple, his â€Å"friends† would ridicule him yet he never acknowledged it and he was cheerful. Charlie was savvy in his own specific manner yet he never acknowledged it since he was centered around being â€Å"smart. † After the activity Charlie was a genuine individual he comprehended everything his companions said. Charlie's conduct transformed he was increasingly forceful and he got fired.In end, Charlie ought not have had the activity he got forceful, he terrified individuals and got terminated. Charlie was not as upbeat any longer, he was a genuine individual and he comprehended everything individuals said. Charlie needed to be keen and never acknowledged he was brilliant in his own specific manner. Charlie ought to have never had the activity since he cut his life off, he was troubled, he was increasingly forceful yet was surrendering his life, and being cheerful justified, despite all the trouble to be Intelligent.

I.e. vs E.g. vs Ex. Which Is Which

For example versus E.g. versus Ex. Which Is Which SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Battling to make sense of when you should utilize for example versus i.e.? Shouldn't something be said about for example versus ex.? For example versus e.x.? Those are sufficient contractions to make your head turn! In this article, we’ll separate what i.e., e.g., and ex. all represent and disclose how to utilize each appropriately in a sentence. We’ll likewise give you some brisk tips for recalling which will be which. The Bottom Line: What’s the Difference Between I.e., E.g., and Ex.? I.e., e.g., and ex. are for the most part shortened forms. For example furthermore, for example are contractions for Latin expressions and ex. is a contraction for an English word. Let’s investigate every them. What Does I.e. Mean? â€Å"I.e† is a shortened form for the Latin expression â€Å"id est,† which means â€Å"that is† or â€Å"in other words.† Here’s a glance at â€Å"i.e.† in real life: â€Å"I am a vegan, i.e., I don’t eat meat.† In the model, â€Å"i.e.† is utilized to give more explanation about what being a veggie lover implies. You could likewise peruse the sentence as, â€Å"I am a vegan, as such, I don’t eat meat.† What Does E.g. Mean? â€Å"E.g.† is a shortening for a Latin expression too. The Latin expression â€Å"exemplia gratia† is the more drawn out type of â€Å"e.g.† â€Å"Exemplia gratia† means â€Å"for example.† Let’s investigate a case of â€Å"e.g.† in a sentence: â€Å"I love to eat vegetables, e.g., carrots, spinach, and arugula.† You use â€Å"e.g.† to present instances of something. In the sentence above, it’s used to present instances of the vegetables that the subject of the sentence likes. What Does Ex. Mean? â€Å"Ex.† is another shortened form, yet for an English word: â€Å"exercise.† Writers use â€Å"ex.† in their work to allude to an activity. Numerous individuals imagine that â€Å"ex.† represents model, however that’s a typical mix-up. â€Å"Ex.† is utilized to present activities. Here’s a gander at how: â€Å"Please allude to ex. 4.† The sentence educates the peruser to allude to an activity later in the content, likely in an informative supplement. Rules for Using I.e., E.g., and Ex. in Writing Since we recognize what e.g., i.e., and ex. mean, let’s see how to utilize them effectively recorded as a hard copy. E.g., i.e., and ex. should all be written in lowercase when you use them in a sentence. For example also, for example ought to be trailed by a comma, as found in the accompanying models: â€Å"There were numerous kinds of frozen yogurt at the shop, e.g., chocolate, vanilla, treat mixture, and mint chocolate chip.† â€Å"I don’t like eating crude fish, i.e., sushi.† Despite the fact that for example what's more, for example are both Latin truncations, you don’t need to stress them in your composition. Stunts for Using I.e. versus E.g. versus Ex. Adhered attempting to make sense of when to utilize for example versus e.g., for example versus ex., or for example versus ex.? Don’t stress, there are a couple of stunts for recollecting which shortened form works for which circumstance. You don’t need to recall the Latin interpretations for example or on the other hand for example to realize when to utilize them. Rather, remind yourself what each means! â€Å"I.e.† is another method of saying â€Å"in other words.† You can recall this on the grounds that â€Å"i.e.† and â€Å"in other words† both beginning with the letter â€Å"i.† At whatever point you compose a sentence with â€Å"i.e.,† read it back to yourself and supplant â€Å"i.e.† with â€Å"in other words.† If it bodes well, you’re utilizing it right. If not, look again at the sentence. â€Å"E.g.† in Latin is â€Å"exemplia gratia.† â€Å"E.g† implies â€Å"for example,† so you can recall that â€Å"e.g.† is utilized to present distinctive â€Å"exemplia† or â€Å"examples.† In the event that you’re composing a sentence with â€Å"e.g.,† read it back to yourself and supplant â€Å"e.g.† with â€Å"for example.† If it bodes well, you’re all set! If not, you’re most likely utilizing â€Å"e.g.† erroneously. â€Å"Ex.† is short for â€Å"exercise.† You can recollect that on the grounds that â€Å"ex† and â€Å"exercise† both beginning with â€Å"ex.† Last Thoughts It’s dubious to recollect the contrasts between for example versus for example versus ex. Be that as it may, it doesn’t must be! Each has its own particular utilization: â€Å"I.e.† is another method of saying â€Å"in other words.† â€Å"E.g.† is another method of saying â€Å"for example.† â€Å"Ex.† is a shortened form for â€Å"exercise.† Recollect that and you’ll be good to go! What’s Next? Are you examining mists in your science class?Get help recognizing the various kinds of mists with our master control. Need assistance with English class-explicitly with distinguishing artistic gadgets in messages you read?Then you'll certainly need to investigate our thorough clarification of the most significant scholarly gadgets and how they're utilized. Need to realize the quickest and least demanding approaches to change over among Fahrenheit and Celsius? We have you secured! Look at our manual for the most ideal approaches to change over Celsius to Fahrenheit (or the other way around).

Longboarding

Cameron Campbell English 1010 October 25, 2012 â€Å"Longboarding† Grippy and flexibility, longboards are more secure for road surfin’ and they can give you the most value for your skateboard purchasing money. Numerous individuals in this nation partner skateboarding with ollies, grinds, and different stunts put on the map by symbols of the game, for example, Tony Hawk. In any case, there is a totally unique approach to use a board with wheels appended to it which doesn’t include any jumping or flipping, simply riding it. Longboards are awesome for the individuals who appreciate being outside and schussing down an easily cleared hill.Longboarding matches comparative emotions and moves related with surfing and snowboarding. Rather than depending on the sea or a blanketed mountain, the vast majority can locate a not too bad fix of asphalt for some thrilling laid-back fun. Youngsters around the nation buy longboards for purposes that balanced skateboards battle to p erform, for example, transportation over significant distances and accomplishing more keen turns. The state of these sheets, their height starting from the earliest stage, their elastic wheels permit a lot of smoother, quicker riding than the attributes of ordinary skateboards.Not just is the demonstration of riding a longboard vastly different than that of a typical skateboard, however there is additionally a completely unique culture for the game. Rather than beginning without any preparation, attempting to learn stunts that may scare new skateboarders, every one of the a maturing longboarder needs to succeed is balance and a little certainty. The ubiquity of longboarding is generally credited to how fun it is. The surge of cruising at high speeds combined with the neighborly, cheerful culture that guests have set up help make longboarding an immortal game.

End of life debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

End of life banter - Essay Example Different examinations (Lee et al, 2010; Petri and Lazaro, 2009; Edworthy, 2005; and Ticaniet. Al, 2006) propose that signs and side effects usually recognized were butterfly rash over cheeks, photosensitivity, erythematous rash to territories presented to sun, weakness, discomfort, early wounding, abrupt weight increase or misfortune, male pattern baldness, Raynaud’s marvel, joint torment and expanding, ulcers of the mouth and nose, plueritis, pericarditis, poor quality fever, looseness of the bowels and queasiness and retching, consequently distinguished as having multisystem impacts. By this, SLE is viewed as one of the most genuine rheumatic infections be that as it may; the reason for death may not be straightforwardly ascribed to the condition yet to some of its numerous inconveniences particularly for extreme cases (â€Å"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Prognosis†, undated). ... On this paper I will attempt to talk about and legitimize my situation to help the progression of life of patients with SLE, investigating the different parts of clinical consideration just as the moral, social, and money related contemplations that should be taken comparative with the patient’s clinical consideration. A theoretical situation looking into the issue of a multi year-elderly person was additionally introduced before. The lady gripes of weariness, weight reduction, oral ulcers, and malar rash around her cheeks, some male pattern baldness for as far back as month and a two-sided shading changes in her limits which is prompted by pressure or variations in temperature. She was additionally found in the crisis room two fourteen days prior whining of queasiness, spewing, the runs, rash on her legs which was credited to her movement to Brazil three (3) week back, after the determination the manifestations have settled. As of now, she isn't on any remedies or over the co unter prescriptions. Her previous history is reliable of appendectomy at 16 years old years and three (3) caesarian conveyances. Her family ancestry is certain for hyperthyroidism in her mom and HTN in her dad. In view of this situation, the normal prognostic result of this patient is that she has a Widespread SLE. This interminable, deep rooted illness was apparent in her finding and in the signs and side effects she is encountering. The ailment may have begun at her stomach related framework offered by the different stomach related hints that she showed during her clinical meeting. She is as of now encountering indication backslides or flares every once in a while yet she can at present do her typical exercises 90% of the time as she had the option to work and travel. Tests

Marketing Strategy of Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Showcasing Strategy of Tesco - Case Study Example From its unassuming beginnings, Tesco Plc has picked up the notoriety of being the biggest British retailer as far as worldwide and nearby offers. It is assessed that in each 8 UK retail deals, 1 is spent on (Tesco Plc 2007). Perceiving the development openings in the virtual commercial center, the mammoth retailer has chosen to set up online nearness during 1994. Three years after, Tesco has begun an internet shopping which it named Tesco Direct (Tesco Plc 2007). From that point forward, Tesco has begun offering staple and food things in its virtual store, Tesco.com. On August 2006, the organization declared the contribution of non-food things in its online store under the name Tesco Direct. This showcasing system has end up being exceptionally productive and beneficial for the retailing goliath. During the monetary year 2006, the organization declared an absolute yearly turnover of 33.974 billion and detailed a pre-charge benefit of 1.962 billion. Out of this, 1.2 billion is shared by Tesco.com as far as all out income and 83 million as far as benefit. Despite the fact that the portion of Tesco.com is pitiful contrasted with absolute turnover and benefit produced by Tesco Plc, its development has been astounding. The monetary year 2006 reports online deals twofold digit development of 29.2% while benefits take off by 49.5% (Tesco Plc Annual Report 2006). Contrasted with its adversaries in the UK retail industry, Tesco.com catches a higher piece of the overall industry at 65%. Walmart-claimed Asda chain falls behind with 16% while Sainsbury corners 14% (Best 2006). Its prosperity has likewise been reported as it has been named the main retailer which has had the option t o make web based shopping productive (Walker 2006). On Crossroads: Evaluating Local and Global Opportunities The ongoing patterns and improvements in the worldwide market pressure the tremendous rising open doors in web based retailing. In the UK alone, there has been a sharp ascent in the quantity of individuals who are money rich however time poor which triggers the more popularity for web based shopping (Muncaster 2006). As per the National Statistics Office, the online market is still in the development stage as just about 20% of grown-ups in UK source food items from the web (Best 2006). This improvement warms up rivalry in the nearby market as industry players fights for piece of the overall industry by propelling forceful procedures and upgrading the general client shopping experience. As a worldwide player, Tesco Plc additionally eyes land extension of its web based shopping administration by the ID of the gainful markets. In the worldwide economy, it ought to be noticed that web utilization has soar by 208.7% during the interim of 2000 to 2007 (Internet Usage Statistics 20007). Development has been exceptionally noteworthy in the profoundly creating Asian and Latin American nations including China, India, and Brazil. It is normal that the wide acknowledgment and prevalence of the web advancements in this nation together with the sharp increment in dispensable salaries in these locales will pull in worldwide retailers. Confronted with these chances and difficulties in the nearby and worldwide market, Tesco Plc picks the vital heading

Misery Loves Company Part 1

Misery Loves Company Part 1 For those of you who missed the blog post subtitle: You might fit in at MIT if you love being miserable! Now wait just a second while I clean up this potential PR disaster; if I dont, Chris and Dave will probably turn me into bacon. (Speaking of which, do you know what form of pork I find to be often more delicious than bacon? Chinese barbeque pork (or at least, thats what I think it is browsing google images seemed to suggest thats what its called. You know, the delicious pork dish thats so red it seems candied? Anywho) More delicious than bacon? Perhaps. Image taken from royalbaconsociety.com. Wait, what? Royal Bacon Society? Dare I even ask?Speaking of bacon, I dont see what the big deal is, anyway. Bacons just one of those foods that youre not allowed to dislike. You tell people you dont really like bacon and they tell you theyre going to steal your firstborn and hold him hostage until you try bacon, because apparently if you dont like bacon you must have never tried it before. Alternatively, you tell people you dont like bacon and wake up in a bath tub full of ice, your kidneys removed, and a pile of bacon of comparable value to your kidneys in the living room with a note its for your own good. Or maybe not. But people get too worked up over bacon; when I tell people that I dont especially care for bacon they sometimes look at me like I just said something nasty about their grandmother. However, its time to move on with this blog post, before the bacon police come after me or (as previously warned) Chris and Dave turn me into tofu. *for the record, I am okay with bacon. Im just not a huge fan. Two different things. Also, wow, thats an old (4 years) picture of me.Moving on, really. By now, youve probably forgotten what I began this post with; I certainly have. However, Im going to write about being miserable. I think people at MIT like to be miserable. I think, however, that its not an oxymoron; keep reading, and maybe youll see what I mean. By miserable, I mean absolutely and terribly busy. I didnt use to think I was the kind of person who liked being busy; after all, Im quite lazy, and procrastinate to the point of painfulness. Even when I dont have much work, I procrastinate; if I have to do one thing in a day, like get groceries, I can almost guarantee that I will take more than one day to do it. However, thats not to say I dont get things done. The way it works for me is that when there are more things I want to and need to get done than one in a day when there are so many I cant possibly do them all, in a day or a week or even this year I begin to buckle down. I get efficient. I get into it. I still procrastinate, I still take time to relax no matter how much work Im facing, but when I have a lot of work is also when I most enjoy my relaxation. Sitting around and watching TV (Psych! the only show I pay significant attention to at the moment) is *boring* to me, when theres nothing else to do. At the end of this summer, I had two weeks with absolutely nothing I had to do, and I started off watching TV and sitting around with my laptop for the first two days. It was after I returned from one of the busiest vacations in my life if it can be called that which had immediately (12hrs) followed the busiest work week of my life. It was a busy summer, and thats what Part 2 of this post will be: my busy summer. Part 3 is about this semester, and the wonderfully stupid choice Ive made (that I dont yet regret at all, and hope to continue not regretting) Ive made. However, when I returned from my busy summer to spend two weeks in front of the TV, I grew restless after two days. I st arted driving to MIT at nights to help out with rush and recruiting freshmen for my dormitory. I started working heavily on a project, and treating it like work. I tried to find more and more things that I wanted to do, knowing fully that I would only seriously approach a small number of them. In other words, I got busy. I sometimes feel a bit miserable when Im too busy. I think thats the one problem with this lifestyle: when things overload and theres too much to do, it stops being fun. When youve got regular life to keep up with in addition to all the fun projects and classes you want to pursue and the two sides conflict, it can start to feel like a demolition derby; then you realize you have a test next week and a pset due in four hours that you havent started and you still havent had time to buy groceries so you havent had a meal in a week and youve been living off of yogurt and granola bars but you still cant keep up when it starts to feel more overwhelming than this run-on sentence thats when things get tricky. However, those moments do not make up my life. I think one of the most important things at MIT is not learning to be efficient with your time time-management doesnt work for everybody, and it doesnt seem to work for me but rather learning how to deal with your time. How to handle those moments of tension and overload and take on just enough so that those moments are few and far between. I think furthermore that MIT is full of people like this, like me in this regard; I think were a bunch of busybodies, too eager to pursue things to the point where our schedules become longer than our textbooks. I think thats a great thing; it certainly has potential to be a bad thing, but everybody I meet seems to have figured out how to keep it under control, and harnesses it to do amazing things. What brought this to mind last week was a post-blogger-meeting trip to IKEA for my new standing desk expect an eventual (pre-2013 ;) ) blogpost about my attempts at using a standing desk, perhaps once Ive had more time with it with Anna, whom you may have read about. Anna tried to enumerate to me the clubs she had joined and the activities she was pursuing the day before classes started, before any of the really heavy work had even begun and I malloced to null, because it was an absolutely humongous list. I think its what a lot of freshmen do, though you sign up for a million clubs, and in the end you only actually spend time at 15-20 of them (I kid its definitely a single digit number). But anyway Anna, good luck with all that. Ill leave discussion about that list, though, and about narrowing down choices of activities, to you (if you want), since I have enough blog fodder lying around here somewhere. And Im busy enough that I dont feel the need to add any more to the list, r ight now. (But thank you for inspiring these thoughts!) I guess thats how it is here most people at MIT seem to love being busy, even if they (like me) dont realize it. However, you know what they say; misery loves company, and I think that the company here is some of the best. I dont think the busy leads to miserable, though; I think we keep it under control, and it feels awesome. Just dont get so busy that you start having your cat do your homework for you. From top to bottom: Vincent, cat.-Cam

Featured Test Prep Student Rachel Reale

Rachel Reale is a person who likes to get straight to the point. When she was looking for a test prep program to help her through the standardized testing experience, Rachel knew just what she wanted. She wanted information that would help her determine which test was right for her—the ACT or the SAT. Rachel credits the A+ Proctored Practice Tests with helping her decide. â€Å"I felt more comfortable with the ACT,† she explains. â€Å"I liked the emphasis on science passages. I did better initially and felt confident that I could raise my score even further.† Her confidence was not misplaced. Rachel succeeded in raising her ACT score from 29 to 33! Rachel is a junior at Abington Senior High School. Her mother researched test preparation options and found out about A+ Test Prep and Tutoring. After taking the practice test, Rachel decided to invest her time in sessions to boost her math and science scores. â€Å"The math content was hardest for me. It was the section that gave me the most time management trouble as well. But I was also looking for test-taking strategies that would work across all the sections.† Rachel reports that she came away from tutoring with more than a higher test score. â€Å"I learned that when I set my mind to it, I can get a lot done. I can handle pressure. Things become a lot less intimidating when you know how to approach them.† She credits tutor Rob Gelb with encouraging her and showing her what to focus on. â€Å"He helped me avoid getting distracted by things that were not important,† she says. Rachel’s tutor is an experienced member of the A+ team. He has this to say about Rachel’s achievement: â€Å"A big part of Rachel's success came with her dedication during both the sessions and outside of them. You could tell she really wanted to succeed, and that helped her more than anything else.† Rachel’s ultimate goal is a career in Music Technology. She plans to stay local, so she is looking at nearby leaders in the field like Drexel University and The University of the Arts. What recommendation does Rachel have for students just beginning their testing process? â€Å"Stick with it,† she advises. â€Å"Make sure you understand each lesson before you move on to the next. Don’t give up.† At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, our focus is always on you. Our practices are based on the latest developments in educational theory and research. We have an excellent team of tutors who can help you with standardized testing, executive functioning, or achievement in any other school subject. If you would like more information, our Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.

A Consideration of the Ends Justifying the Means of...

A Consideration of the Ends Justifying the Means of Milgram’s Research Into Obedience Stanley Milgram carried out a series of studies in 1963 and 1973 related to obedience to authority. These studies have been viewed as controversial ever since, mainly because of the ethical issues they raise. Although he was able to obtain conclusive results and discover that under certain situational influences anybody might obey orders that went against their conscience; the way in which he carried out his studies was arguably unethical and contributed to the BPS Ethical Principles. What are the implications of this study? * That at that time, people were very willing to follow the commands of†¦show more content†¦* The IV was the presence of the authority figure and the DV was the obedience rate. The experimenters used a deception to get subjects to act in a natural way. How did social and political issues affect the study at the time? Milgrams work was inspired by his interest in the behaviour of war criminals at war crimes trials after the WWII. Many of the defendants had argued that they had simply been following orders. Milgram was interested in seeing if this obedience was a German trait, but he never got to Germany because the results of his preliminary research in the USA were so unexpected. ===================================================================== Informed Consent ================ Milgram’s participants were not offered the choice of informed consent, they were told the experiment was being conducted for a different reason, that the hypothesis was to see if people learn better if they are punished when in fact it was to observe obedience in relation to authority. However, it was necessary for Milgram to use this â€Å"single blind† method to make the experiment valid, had the participants been aware of the hypothesis they mayShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Social Psychological Research6240 Words   |  25 PagesRunning head: ETHICS IN RESEARCH Ethical Issues in Social Psychological Research Social psychological research has been conducted in response to many social concerns. Over the years the focus of research has changed greatly depending on the needs of society. However the main purpose has remained constant, which is to contribute to understanding individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in light of a broader social context. Social psychological research is done with both humans and animalsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: IntegraRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Groups Encouraging Animal Rights - 971 Words

Recall the line, â€Å"Help control the pet population, have your pets spayed or neutered.† Famous game show host Bob Barker recited this tagline to conclude every episode of the longest running game show aired, The Price is Right. Although notorious for hosting The Price is Right for thirty-five years, Bob Barker is also a well-known animal rights activist. Barker didn’t become famous without enduring a few speed bumps in his life. However through his dedication, determination, and doggedness, Barker has built a reputation and has made himself an established figure in today’s society. Born the first and only son of Bryon John Barker and Matilda Valandra, Bob Barker grew up in modest circumstances. On December 12, 1923, small town Darrington, Washington welcomed a new member to the Barker family (â€Å"Bob Barker Biography†). At the age of six, his father, a foreman on the electrical highline in Washington suffered injuries from a fall on the job that resu lted in his death. 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Furthermore, because of the large scale of climate change, the consequences are hard to see and the blame can be pushed around. Accordingly, climate change is highly-politicized, and cannot be addressed factually without upsetting one group or another. Whether or not climate change exists may be a difficultRead MoreScience Lesson Reflection1279 Words   |  6 Pageswe decided science would be a nice change of pace for a day. The goal was for students to construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction. Specifically, we focused on being able to recognize how camouflage helps certain animals survive and to interpret what an animal needs or requires to be safe in their environment. Based on the standards, this was a one of the simpler ones that could be cover ed

The Dead Butcher and His Fiend-Like Queen - 1016 Words

In extent Malcolm is referring to Macbeth as the â€Å"dead butcher† and to Lady Macbeth as â€Å"his fiend-like queen.† A butcher in the use of this play is a person who kills showing no regret for their actions or reason for the killings. The fiend as Lady Macbeth is to say she is very evil and has no morals, able to bend other’s wills to equal her own giving them a confused air of what they really want. On the other hand to say Macbeth was always a butcher is an unfair evaluation of him, as it doesn’t reflect the views that the whole of Scotland had at the beginning of the play. Fiend is a brilliant way to describe Lady Macbeth as she is the one who initially introduced the feeling of evil into the play and into Macbeth leading him to commit the†¦show more content†¦Macbeth is being told to act as he thinks and becoming cowardly for not doing it. The unlikeliness of Macbeth being called a coward before lets the comment gets under his skin and t ries to prove to his wife that his courage is intact. However, Lady Macbeth’s intentions are not understood until she backs up her argument to why Duncan should be murdered: â€Å"I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.† No human says but a fiend, what mother would intentionally hurt their child even if they had sworn to do it? Macbeth is not a butcher, and Lady Macbeth is not just a fiend. As shown, although Malcolm’s statement does describe certain aspects of the personalities it is a vague description of the whole extent of their characters. Macbeth is a brave and valiant man who had been turned to butchery by weakness and his desire to gain power, exploited by his wife. Fiendish is a more decent way to describe Lady Macbeth but it still lacks the ability to capture her true nature as disturbed and evil. It would be fair to say that the statement tries to create an overall evaluation of both characters in a single statement but in the process makes them seem less dramatic and complex than theyShow MoreRelatedThe Dead Butcher and His Fiend Like Queen859 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Grade  11 â€Å"The Dead Butcher and his Fiend Like Queen† This dead butcher and his fiend like queen, is the way in which Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the last speech of the play. The images portrayed by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change impressively throughout the play. Therefore, I believe that this quote is not an accurate judgment of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as it was based on one mistake, though a considerable mistake. To start with, I should firstRead MoreMacbeth and Lady Macbeth as A Dead Butcher and His Fiend-like Queen in William Shakespeares Macbeth2137 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth and Lady Macbeth as A Dead Butcher and His Fiend-like Queen in William Shakespeares Macbeth Macbeth is one of Shakespeares four famous tragedies. It was written in 1605-1606, at the peak of Shakespeares career; and was chosen to accolade the new King James I of England, who had been James VI of Scotland. He had a fascination with witchcraft and the supernatural, so the play Macbeth complimented his passion. Shakespeare is famed for his use of the English languageRead MoreAt the end of Macbeth, Malcolm refers to Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as this dead butcher...and his fiend-like queen. To what extent do you agree with this judgement?1352 Words   |  6 PagesScotland describes Lady Macbeth as a fiend-like queen. To a certain extent this judgement is true, yet Lady Macbeth has to actually evoke evil spirits to help prevent her from feeling any compassion or warmth. The evil spirits unsex Lady Macbeth and remove all feminine qualities from her, trading them for evil, proving that deep down there must be some good in her if she has to call for some outside help to aid her with her deeds. Lady Macbeth likes to be seen as ruthless and cruel by everyoneRead MoreThe Butcher and His Fiend Like Queen in William Shakespeares Macbeth765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Butcher and his Fiend like Queen in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth Introduction At the end of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Malcolm refers to Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as: This dead like butcher and his fiend like queen, when he was crowned as new king of Scotland. In Malcolm’s eyes, the Macbeths are just that, cruel murderers who stole away the throne from him and his father. A butcher can be described as someone who kills, or have people killed unnecessarily or brutally. A fiend canRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 2154 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth Critical Evaluation â€Å"This dead butcher and his fiend-like queen† Discuss whether or not this is a true summation of Macbeth and his wife. In the play â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth could be described as a â€Å"dead butcher and his fiend-like queen†. Through the various actions committed throughout the play and the characteristics they are shown to have, Shakespeare sparked debate on whether or not this quote, which carries many negativeRead MoreMacbeth and Lady Macbeth, a Dealike Butcher and a Fiend?1844 Words   |  8 PagesThis dead like butcher and his fiend like queen is this a fair description of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth? br brMalcolm made the remark This dead like butcher and his fiend like queen, when he was crowned as the king of Scotland, after Macbeths reign of terror. It becomes questionable upon the fairness of this justification, whether or not Macbeth was really a butcher and whether or not Lady Macbeth was a fiend. br brIn some ways, Macbeth would have fit the description of being a butcherRead MoreMacbeth Essay1308 Words   |à ‚  6 Pages Macbeth In the final Act of the play Macbeth and his wife are described by Malcolm as â€Å"This dead butcher and his fiend-like queen.† Consider how Shakespeare introduces us to the character of Macbeth in Act 1. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and wrote 37 plays throughout his lifetime. He wrote Macbeth in 1606 and it is probably one of his best known plays. ‘Macbeth’ is one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies-the others being: King Lear, Othello andRead MoreThe Presence of Ambition within MacBeth by William Shakespeare1085 Words   |  5 Pagesdrives them to become ruthless killers, but is the cause of the two characters meeting their demise. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth turn away from the honest and gentle people they once were and instead become the dead butcher and his fiend-like queen. ( V, sc viii, 69) The fiend-like queen or Lady Macbeth, is first seen in the play just after receiving a letter from her husband. This letter was the start of her demise and first presents the change in Lady Macbeth. Only moments after reading theRead More Character Changes in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth:   Character Changes This dead butcher and his fiend like queen(V.viii.80) is the way Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.   The characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth changed considerably during the course of the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare.   In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King.   As the play progresses, Macbeth is corrupted by the witches’ prophecies and by his and Lady Macbeth’s ambition. Because ofRead MoreDuncan Bless Macbeth1200 Words   |  5 PagesLifes but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. (V.V.25Ââ€"27). The famous quote of Macbeth, ‘life: a tale told by an idiot indispensably proves how Macbeth has fallen into a psychopathic state of nihilism where even after his own wife is dead he feels that it does not signify anything; from a valiant ma n of prowess to fall and become such a petty pessimist

Modern Election Arguments Against The Electoral College

Brendon Goss Ms. Houle English 9-8 11 April 2017 The Modern Election-Arguments Against the Electoral College The electoral college is a mash-up of ancient ideas that amalgamate in an outdated mess that doesn t make sense in the modern day. In the 2000 US election, George W. Bush won the electoral college and lost the popular vote, This proved that the electoral college has too much power in comparison to the popular vote and disproved what the founding fathers had planned for the college included all peoples having equal representation. The founding fathers had planned the electoral college as a compromise between the people and congress choosing the president. With modern day technologies, this system from the as become obsolete. The†¦show more content†¦The electoral college has not changed since its conception in the first congressional convention in 1836. Even then, many of the pre-existing things are vague and cryptic such as in the constitution the electoral college is only referenced once in article II. Article II-1 of the U.S. Constitution states â€Å"The executive Powe r shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice- President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.†(Presidental Election Laws, ). As this reading states briefly that the number of electors is dictated by a legislator and the legislator bases the number of electors on the population. These things should be fixed in order to better represent all states equally within the electoral college. Arguments Against the Electoral College The four major arguments against the Electoral CollegeShow MoreRelatedThe Electoral College : Ingenious Or Inept? Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Electoral College: Ingenious or Inept? The 2016 presidential election left many voters feeling bitter and hostile. President-elect Donald Trump is a minority president, meaning that he won the electoral vote yet lost the popular vote (â€Å"2016 Election Results†). There have only been four minority presidents preceding Trump: John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, and George W. Bush (Stepman). However, recently some voters and politicians began calling for eliminating the electoralRead MoreThe Electoral College System Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Electoral College system, as presented by Hamilton, every voice is heard and there is a greater guarantee that the elected will effectively represents those voices in office. During election season, the people in the states vote for the representatives that will make up the Electoral College. The people within the states will votes for the prudent few that they believe best conform to their political interests, just as they do for those vot ed into the House of Representatives. As a resultRead MoreAnalysis Of Federalist 10 By James Madison1525 Words   |  7 PagesMadison, he addresses key issues like factions and democracy, all while focusing on the usefulness of the Constitution and the necessity of a strong central government, to defend his Federalist ideology. Personally, I agree with the foundation of his arguments, especially on the topic of forms of government, as well as the role of representation in our government. Madison’s primary focus throughout the beginning of this paper is factions. He holds a deep disdain for them as he thinks that they solely focusRead MoreFederalists Vs. Anti Federalists1518 Words   |  7 Pagesincompatible. In fact, a â€Å"filtered mirror† that merges the two theories together in a system that is both inclusive and deliberative, would better serve the interest of the public and government at large. The Anti-Federalists raised several well founded arguments for a state referendum, in which every eligible voter could voice his opinions on policy choices. To these statesmen, mass participation served â€Å"as a proxy for actual consent† and the only way â€Å"in which the true Sentiments of the people could beRead MorePresidential Election : The Presidential Electoral College, Civic Engagement, And Campaign Strategies Essay1941 Words   |  8 Pagesof the 2016 Presidential Election stunned the world. But were these results really all that surprising? America was prepared for a change in policy and election projections were incorrect due to the fact that there existed many â€Å"under cover Trumpers†, whom voted their conscience but were not willing to openly admit their political beliefs for fear of condemnation. The 2016 Presidential Election results open many areas for research into the legitimacy of the Electoral College, civic engagement, andRead MoreMidterm . Section One: . Shay’S Rebellion: An Uprising1811 Words   |  8 Pageshas the power, a hereditary one, holds political power. The fear of monarchy is what led the Founding Fathers to devise a plan to divide the power amongst the government. Electorate: Citizens entitled to vote in an election. This term has a strong significance towards elections because we get to vote for whom we think should represent our country. Enumerated Powers: Powers granted to congress under a specific Article in the Constitution. These powers include the right to tax and provide nationalRead More Electoral College Reform Essay2402 Words   |  10 PagesIn order to fully understand the underlying problems of the Electoral College we have to look back at the time that the idea of the Electoral College itself was proposed and see how the culture of the time and the ideologies of the people involved helped shaped the final outcome. Life today is much different than it was two hundred odd something years ago, and it’s fair to say that the political ideals and social norms around our society have changed drastically. When the founding fathers sat downRead MoreEssay on John Adams1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early formation of the new federal power (Ferling, 1992). Adams was a well educated, seasoned patriot, and experienced diplomat. He was the runner-up in the election in which George Washington was selected the first United States President. According to the electoral-college system of that time, the second candidate with the most electoral votes became the Vice President (Smelser amp; Gundersen, 1975). As president, Washington appointed, among others, two influential political leaders to his originalRead More Government and Politics - We Need Election Reform in America1754 Words   |  8 Pagesperhaps both. -- James Madison (Focus 1) The United States has strived to be a true democracy, a place in which the citizens are free to govern themselves, since its inception. For a democracy to work, the citizens must remain knowledgeable and elections must remain unbiased. Our current system of electing presidents fails in both of these regards: citizens are only given two choices that stand any chance of winning and their decisions between those two candidates are influenced not by knowledgeRead MorePresidential Election Of Modern America Essay2251 Words   |  10 PagesPresidential elections in modern America are incredibly complex and multi-faceted, and have only grown more intricate as time progresses. First, a candidate must win the nomination of his or her party through a series of state primaries or caucuses. To do this, the candidate must appeal specifically to his or her party demographic, and is more concerned with the inter-party competition than the competition from the other party. Once the nomination is fo rmally awarded to a candidate at the respective

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal Free Essays

Gay marriage should be legalized. Our civil rights and the Constitution give us many liberties. One of our civil liberties is the pursuit of happiness, which homosexual people are not allowed to chase. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage Should Be Legal or any similar topic only for you Order Now They cannot be married to the person they love and it violates their freedoms. According to professorshouse. com, â€Å"In Alaska, Nevada, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Nebraska, Missouri, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Alabama, not only is gay marriage banned, but so are civil partnerships.   The 1st amendment of the Constitution states that a person’s religious beliefs or a lack of thereof must be protected. Legislatures also cannot discriminate against marriages of the minority party which, homosexual people fall into that category. There is also an amendment stating there is separation of church and state, so you cannot declare that a marriage is a gift from God. Others might ask why gay marriage should be legalized, but my question is this: why should other people be able to choose who marries who? If a man and a woman get married, no one seems to care. They are two people who feel affection for one another and those two people want to start a family. If we change the scenario a little bit and a man and a man, or a woman and a woman, try to get married it causes uproar. They are not allowed to be married or raise a family together. Imagine waking up one day to a world that was completely opposite from the world we went to sleep in, meaning gay people are now straight and all straight people are now gay. Do you think the newly straight people would fight for the newly homosexual people’s rights? America is the land of the free, but we are not free to marry whomever we would like. After everything straight people have put homosexual people through, in this scenario, homosexual people would most likely vote for their rights because they would want their rights to be voted for. We are equals in this world whether we are Black, White, Hispanic, Indian, or any other race for that matter. Why should we not be equals based on sexual orientation? In a marriage there is one thing that truly matters: love. Yes, other things are important too, but not one couple would make it to even asking someone to marry them if there was not some love. Las Vegas, Nevada is also known for being the place where many weddings occur which are annulled within one week. These marriages are not based off love, but simply a drunken night in Vegas. High divorce rates weaken what a marriage is defined as. Why are we not able to rewrite what a marriage stands for and make it include a homosexual marriage? The definition of love, according to dictionary. com is as follows: â€Å"Very strong affection: an intense feeling of tender affection and compassion. If gay people feel this way then why shouldn’t they be able to be married? If they are happy with each other, said persons should be able to marry. California, Hawaii, New York, and the District of Columbia all have domestic partnership laws and civil partnerships meaning it is almost a marriage without the matrimony. Civil partnerships also give coupl es the ability to have joint bank accounts, live in the same house, and pay bills together. Homosexual couples are not entitled to this in most states. Marriage benefits should be available to all couples, no matter what. In places where gay marriages are banned, the gay couples are not able to have the same benefits as others. When filing for health care or insurance through a job, gay couples are not able to add each other on. Most loved ones, such as a spouse or a child, in a straight marriage, can make life altering decisions in a hospital if need be. Since gay marriage is not legal, said person’s spouse is not recognized as their next of kin and care is delayed. Who would be affected if homosexual marriage was legalized? No one. Everyone believes there is one person who is out there to love us. Gay people feel the same way. Parenthood is a benefit of marriage and gay couples cannot have children by themselves, without some type of help, so they look to adoption agencies. In some cases gay couples are put on longer waiting lists or denied completely. There are other benefits to being married as well, such as tax breaks. On the website professorshouse. com it reads, â€Å"When we hit our mid-thirties, we wanted only true friendships- friendships that were durable. † This is a perfect example of matrimony and what it should be based on. . According to dictionary. om a marriage is, â€Å"The legal or religious ceremony that formalizes the decision of two people to live as a married couple, including the accompanying social festivities. † If this is a marriage why are gay people not included in this? Even though gay marriage should be legalized, some people have different beliefs. In most religions including, Christianity, Islam, and Orthodox Judaism same sex prefe rences are a sin. People believe in procreation to repopulate the world, but are against gay marriage and homosexuals adopting children because they cannot procreate on their own. If this is a stand point on making or breaking gay marriage then only people who are fertile and want to procreate should be able to get married according to this bias. America has never really given gay marriage a chance, but they believe gay marriage will weaken its institution by leading to high divorce rates. On loveandpride. com I read, â€Å"One reason legislatures are denying gay marriage is because they are fearful that opening the door to allowing gay marriages will open the door to polygamy as well. This would also mean reopening cases about polygamy in the past which they are not willing to do. Others are fearful for children’s futures and they fear being raised by two fathers or by two mothers may compromise children’s mental capacities. Even though to most people gay marriage should be illegal and should stay in its current state, I believe we need to change the world for future generations. We feared that different religions were going to clash, but now a ll of the religions coexist. White people had Black and Hispanic slaves, but we overcame the odds and now White men, Black men, and Hispanic men can be equals. If it is possible to overcome such fierce obstacles then we can overcome the boundary obstructing gay marriages and straight marriages alike. Gay marriage should be legalized for these reasons. Evolution will always continue and at any given point in time, something will occur that we will not like in this world, but we can overcome this. Gay marriage is a controversial issue that people have been fighting for years and it has finally come to the surface. We should take charge of it. How to cite Gay Marriage Should Be Legal, Essay examples

Interesting Essay Questions About Queen Elizabeth I Example For Students

Interesting Essay Questions About Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I Were Queen Elizabeth I and Catherine the Great effective rulers? Were their reignscharacterized as good or not so well? Disregarding the opinion of those who reignedconcurrently or historians today, these two ruled their country in a time of turmoil anduncertainty! The world and the people within it were undergoing a major transition. Newlands were being discovered as well as major role-playing continents and countries werechanging status. Some losing power while others gained it. Queen Elizabeth I andCatherine the Great ruled their country to the extent in which they were able and theirsubjects allowed them to. Queen Elizabeth I of England was a remarkable ruler. Elizabethwas born in 1533 to Henry VIII of England and took the throne in 1588 at the age oftwenty-five and reigned until 1603 when she passed away (Sowards, 28). Elizabeth wasthe last of the Tudor Dynasty (Upshur, 465). Due to her fathers uncontrollablehap-hazardous rule, Elizabeth, at only the age of twenty-five, was already faced withdilemma within England. Henry VIII wanted a male to take over his throne so when he felthis time was running out, Henry VIII needed to divorce his Queen at that time but theCatholic Church doesnt allow this. He separated from the church and brought Englandwith him. He turned England into a protestant nation. Needless to say people wereconfused and had to make huge adjustments. At the beginning of Elizabeths reign therewas confusion. She was a firm Catholic however she made a compromise between the tworeligions. Queen Elizabeths decision was due largely from the consent of her people(Upshur, 465). However, Elizabeth knew that two religions would cause problems. Asreestablished, the Anglican Church was protestant in its Theology, but much of its ritualand ecclesiastical organization remained Catholic in form(Upshur, 465). Elizabethbelieved that loyalty of her people would bring them together as well as the country. Thepeople were not forced by the state but by their own consciences. The people of Englandsaw Queen Elizabeth as compassionate as well as decisive. By allowing the people todecide, Queen Elizabeth gained their trust and loyalty unlike her father before her. QueenElizabeth did not force the people but allowed them to decide on their own and for theirvoices to be the deciding factor. In fact, The greatest achievement in English history, thebreaking the bonds of Rome, and the establishment of spiritual independence, wascompleted without bloodshed under Elizabeths auspices, and Elizabeth may have theglory of the work(Sowards, 37). The people of England were in no need of a governmentthat was more concerned about it more than it was for the people. Elizabeth was Queenbut she established good ties with parliament. England did not need the rule of a monarchythat controlled strictly, took the peoples wealth, and taxed. By taxing the peopleparliament could control the people (Upshur, 464). However, this was the exact oppositeof what Queen Elizabeth did. She was wealthy, however, she allowed the people ofEngland to have the opportunity to gain wealth. Without alienating public opinion, QueenElizabeth gained what she wanted. Queen Elizabeths policies coincided with the interestsof the people (Upshur, 465). Queen Elizabeth was active in foreign policy. The people ofEngland, her subjects, began to see new materials due to her intervention in foreign policy.Furthermore, they began to obtain wealth. Elizabeth began trade with India and granted acharter to the English East India Company (Upshur, 465). This opened the path for tradeas well as the ideas for others to strive to achieve goals, and to set higher standards. Thisgave some morale to the people of England. She also established relations with the rulersof Russia and authorized the formation of the Muscovy company, the first in westernEurope to trade with Russia (Upshur, 465). Queen Elizabeth was under the normal stressof any ruler of that time. .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .postImageUrl , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:visited , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:active { border:0!important; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:active , .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37 .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0dd8c2a3fd475464f1aad8e981f6e37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb in World War II Essay Or was she? For thirty years she was perpetually a mark forassassination, and her spirits were never affected, and she was never frightened intocruelty (Sowards, 36). Elizabeth, opposite of past rulers, was trying to live downEnglands reputation as being a nation of war. Elizabeth negotiated as opposed to initiatingwar (Sowards, 32). The Elizabethan Age was peaceful. The people of England may havebeen used to traditional fighting, however, Elizabeth kept peace. Queen Elizabeth had adesire for peace. She managed the nation of England well to sustain a peaceful life whileother countries fought wars, lost, and fell into succession. Queen Elizabeth was a peacefulruler, however, she did engage in on act of warfare. She is most famous for her dramaticvictory over the Spanish Armada during the summer of 1588 (Sowards, 25). Englishhostility to Spain was growing for a number of reasons: sympathy for the beleagueredFrench Huguenots and the peasants of Holland locked in their own desperate struggle withPhillip; the undeclared sea war with Spain that English privateers and pirates had alreadybeen carrying on for a generation(Sowards, 26). There was no ground war and thepeople of England never became unrested. Queen Elizabeth was patient and did not jumpinto war with Spain. She fought on her own terms (Sowards, 38). This was a sign of asmart ruler. This led to National importance for England. England became supreme on theseas. English commerce increased to the Old World and colonies were formed in the NewWorld(Sowards, 33). Queen Elizabeth I was liked by her subjects because she was aneffective ruler. She brought effective government to the people through parliament. Sheopened the opportunity for trade as well as the opportunity to gain wealth. QueenElizabeth I also set the precedent that all nations are not as powerful as they may appearby defeating the Spanish Armada. This enabled other smaller countries to set sail in theseas to gain wealth and explore new territory.

Architectural Framing System Commonly Knownâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Architectural Framing Systems? Answer: Introducation The Architectural Framing system commonly known as AFS walls is a polymer based structure which comprises of fibre cement sheets which are made up of sand, cellulose fibres (wood fibres) and cement. These walls are welded together with galvanized steel stud frames on both sides. The major functioning of galvanized steel and reinforced fibre cement sheets with their mechanical properties helps to boost the robustness and strengths of these walls. The physical properties of these wall included high resistance power against heat and wire and they also exceed the requirement specified in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) (AFS, 2017). The presence of fibre cement sheets prevents these walls to get damaged with the flow of water through their unique water block technology, as the exposure to water can cause oxidation and corrosion which may affect the internal structure of the building. The major uses of these walls are in the construction of multi-floored buildings; it is one time solution for a permanent formwork for concrete walls. The components of these walls fit effectively with one another to create a strong structure for the buildings. AFS walls are known for their utmost efficiency and are very low maintenance (AFS, 2015). There are very light weight and their installation process is not much complex. The formwork also have holes which allows easy and quick flow for cement and allow space for fixing steel and other materials. The size and thickness structure of these panels are customized according to the requirement of the engineers or architectures and the structure that is being built. This is known as deep structure which involves incorporating a deep beam in the existing wall structure and eliminating the transfer structure in the slab. These structures are not only efficient but also financially feasible. Being cost effective does not qualify them for being fit in all types of structures and that is why there are only suggested by engineers for certain structures only. However they are dynamic and can be used in many areas such as walls of the basement and retaining walls because these walls can accommodate large amount of backfills. The properties of AFS wall structures ensure durability of over 50 years and they are also termite resistance which increases their life more. The fibre cement component within these walls is suitable for different type of climate be it summers or raining season. As mentioned above that AFS walls are polymer based. The polymer is of different types and it includes variety of shellac, wool, amber, silk and rubber. The mechanical properties of galvanized steel studded frames and fibre cement make these walls strong, durable, hard wearing and high resistance. The chemical properties of these walls include water resistance power which will prevent oxidation and corrosion and will help them increase the life of the structure. This determines how the components of wall react to different chemicals and other components such as water. The biological properties of cements sheets reinforced in these walls are that they prevent degradation, rotting and insects will not affect the life of struct ure (EASL, 2007) References AFS, 2017, The brand behind the name, Retrieved from https://afswall.com.au/ on 4 May 2017. AFS, 2015, Properties, Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjA_caU5tjTAhWLvI8KHZqMDMMQFgglMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fafswall.com.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FAFS_Designer_Section_C_Properties.pdfusg=AFQjCNGxhaMopFW360Wf-OHo_MHCrmMPuw on 4 May 2017. ESAL, 2007, FIBER CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEETS, Retrieved from https://www.eyal-zipuim.co.il/uploadimages/cementtiles2.pdf on 4 May 2017.

Fibonacci Essays - Fibonacci Numbers, Fibonacci, Numerals

Fibonacci Leonardo da Pisa, or more commonly known as Fibonacci , was born in Pisa, Italy in 1175. He was the son of Guilielmo Bonacci, a secretary of the Republic of Pisa. His father was only a secretary, so he was often sent to do work in Pisan trading colonies. He did this for many years until 1192. In 1192, Bonacci got a permanent job as the director of the Pisan trading colony in Bugia, Algeria. Sometime after 1192, Bonacci brought Fibonacci with him to Bugia. Bonnaci expected Fibbonacci to become a merchant and so arranged for him in instruction of calculational techniques. One of the major themes in this involved the Hindu-Arabic numerals which had not yet been introduced into Europe. Eventually, Bonacci enlisted his son's help in carrying out business for the Pisan republic and sent him on trips to Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence. Fibonacci took this grand opportunity offered by his father, to study and learn the mathematical techniques employed in these various regions. Around 1200, Fibonacci returned to Pisa where, for at least the next twenty-five years, he worked on his own mathematical compositions. The five works produced by him in this period which have survived are: the Liber Abbaci; the Practica geometriae ; an undated letter to Theodorus, the imperial philosopher to the court of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II; Flos , a collection of solutions to problems posed in the presence of Frederick II; and the Liber quadratorum , a number-theoretic book concerned with the simultaneous solution of equations quadratic in two or more variables. The most famous of these works is Liber Abbaci. The Liber Abbaci is Latin for ?The Book of Calculations?. This book was designed for the Latin-speaking-European-world to accept the decimal number system. The first chapter of Part 1 begins: These are the nine figures of the Indians: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. With these nine figures, and with this sign 0 which in Arabic is called zephirum, any number can be written, as will be demonstrated. He also introduced a series in Liber Abacci. It is the Fibonacci sequence, named in his honor. The series begins with 0 and 1. After that, he added the last two numbers to get the next (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987,...) He discovered it as a solution to. In 1225 Fibonacci took part in a tournament at Pisa ordered by the emperor himself, Frederick II. It went as follows: Beginning with a single pair of rabbits, if every month each productive pair bears a new pair, which becomes productive when they are 1 month old, how many rabbits will there be after n months? After 1228, virtually nothing is known of Leonardo's life, except that by decree the Republic of Pisa awarded the 'serious and learned Master Leonardo Bigollo' (discretus et sapiens) a yearly salarium of 'libre XX denariorem' in addition to the usual allowances . This stipend rewarded Fibonacci for his pro bono advising to the Republic on matters involving accounting and related mathematical matters. Fibonacci died some in 1250, presumably in Pisa. Mathematics

The Diligent A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade by Robert Harms

The Diligent A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade by Robert Harms The issue of the slave trade is one of the most controversial ones because this question is not only associated with the problem of slavery, but it is also based on the problem of morality which is related to the discussion of slaves as objects of trade. In his book The Diligent: A Voyage through the Worlds of the Slave Trade, Robert Harms presents the records of Robert Durand who was the first lieutenant of The Diligent, the French slaving ship.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade† by Robert Harms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The French people joined the Atlantic slave trade later than the other European countries such as Britain and Portugal, but the French successes were significant, and the slave trade became the characteristic feature France’s development in the 18th century. Thus, the historic significance of the book is in the fac t that it provides the discussion of the role of slave trade in France during the 18th century. However, it is more important to concentrate on the aspect of morality to understand the French public’s attitude to the problem of slavery in the 18th century. Robert Durand does not demonstrate any signs of uncertainty in relation to the morality of the slave trade, and his position corresponds with the position of the French people regarding the nature of the slave trade, but it is possible to condemn Durand for his attitude because reflecting the public’s visions, he violates the universe moral norms and supports cruelty and violence. Robert Durand’s accounts show that the lieutenant does not feel any qualms about the idea of the slave trade in spite of its brutal nature. According to Harms, Durand was writing â€Å"about selling people exactly as he would have written about selling barrels of wine or loads of wheat. He gave no indication that he felt any sense o f shame or moral ambivalence about his mission†1. Durand’s â€Å"businesslike† and â€Å"matter-of-fact† tone can surprise not only the author who analyzes the accounts but also the readers because this tone is not appropriate to discuss the important moral issue of the slave trade in France of the 18th century2. Furthermore, the young lieutenant does not demonstrate the unique attitude to the problem. Instead, Durand’s accounts represent the attitudes of the majority in relation to the issue of the slave trade because the French public paid more attention to the problems of war, to the issue of famine, and to the economic questions associated with inflation and taxes than to such moral issues as the slave trade in the 18th century. In his work, Harms intends to explain Durand’s position while stating that â€Å"the talk focused on issues of access, profits, tariffs, and bonuses†3. Thus, Durand’s approach to discussing the quest ion was typical for the period, and it was even the â€Å"part of a general mind-set in the seaports of early eighteenth-century Brittany†4.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this perspective, it is almost impossible to state clearly whether the French public supported or not the idea of the slave trade because the actual public discussion of the problem was not observed within different social classes. However, the reference to the social tendencies cannot be used to justify the approach of Durand to discussing the problem of the slave trade. The fact that Durand focused more on recording the factual details of the trade operations and prices and on counting the profits supports the idea that the aspects of morality were widely violated in the French society. It is possible to condemn Durand for his actions because his activities are significantly associ ated with a lot of moral aspects, and Durand could reject the development of the slave trade as any other person in the French society. Nevertheless, many people chose to ignore the issue of the slave trade, and they discussed it only from the perspective of its profitability rather than morality. Slave traders chose their path consciously because the business was risky and problematic. That is why, Durand made his choice without thinking about the moral implications of his actions. In spite of the fact that Durand was one of many people who did not focus on the slave trade as the social problem, this fact cannot be referred to while discussing the problem of condemning Durand’s actions. The slave trade was the business characterized by a lot of problems and contradictions associated with the concepts of the slaves’ freedom and use of their work in France. The records and accounts written by Robert Durand demonstrate his focus on the slave trade as on the profitable bu siness rather than on the moral issue. This approach or attitude is also reflected in the general public’s visions of the question which were typical for the French society in the 18th century. However, in spite of the fact that the moral aspect of the slave trade was not actively discussed in the society, Durand’s attitudes and actions cannot be justified because the man violated simple moral norms and promoted the brutal practice of trading people. Thus, the book by Robert Harms is the important source to research the problem of the slave trade in France as the moral issue with references to the historic significance of the phenomenon. Bibliography Harms, Robert. The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade. USA: Basic Books, 2002.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade† by Robert Harms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Footnotes 1 Robert Harms, The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade (USA: Basic Books, 2002), 5. 2 Ibid., 5. 3 Ibid., 5. 4 Ibid., 5.

A Personal Manifesto on Success and Happiness Research Paper

A Personal Manifesto on Success and Happiness - Research Paper Example As the paper declares work as a noun defines an activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result. Another conception of the word work is that it is an activity as a means of earning income or employment. From these two concepts of work can be drawn different perceptions. Work as merely an act of doing something productive and work as an activity that generates income such as employment. The latter concept of work suits the definition that is widely known by most people. Having a job, an employment, running a business, all these are confined in the context of work that has an end goal of making money, salary, income or profit. According to the report findings the history of work is far rooted in the history of mankind. How work is viewed today is a byproduct of human experiences along the path of historical milestones of men. The concept of work can be traced back even into the realms of the Bible. God said to Adam, "In the sweat of thy face shall thou eat bread, till thou return to the ground". Even in the beginning according to the Bible, God assigned the allegedly first ever work to Adam. Work then can be described as some activities that need sweating in order to eat. In that sense it would tilling the soil and planting and growing plants to bear fruits to eat. Work then spells really hard work and is contrasted with leisure as Adam Smith puts it as toil and trouble. Thus leisure is a different story from work that is why according to the bible God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work. (Genesis 3:19 as cited by Dupre and Gagnier). If to rely alon e from the following context it can be concluded that God wants people to work really hard during work days and set a separate day for leisure which is somewhat deviated from the modern context of work that can go along with play—having fun while working all at the same time. People of yesteryears works comparatively different than modern people does work. The work they knew then was more on physical exertion. Tracing back the first humans, they did not work in the way that we understand it today. Primitively like before, our ancestors spent much of their time searching for food and shelter, a short-term and endlessly repeated process that was necessary for survival (The Readers Digest Australia). This repeated process lead to the definition of work division wherein some are hunters and others are gatherers and basically women do the cooking for the whole group to survive and move on. Work in this essence brings definition to food and survival. The idea of the working day is a product of

Measuring Construction Industry Performance Essay

Measuring Construction Industry Performance - Essay Example Revenues from constructed buildings are not keeping pace with escalating cost of equipments, transportation and other economic factors. The prices of related construction items are quietly unrelated to the expenditure put in constructing, transporting materials, processing and selling. Floods and droughts have made the established businessmen to become debtors though they have borrowed money and invested the same in equipment and land. There are delays in getting government funds, which are in adequate to meet these types of natural calamities. Though there are private insurance companies to cover insurance of these investments from weather-related catastrophes they are not that much helpful. The small players who solely depend on their investments are the losers of these natural calamities. Like any other traders or businessmen, investors can ensure long term growth and stability through proper planning in changing market conditions during the periods of floods, drought and in price downsizing and also taking the help of key performance indicators (KPI) or benchmarking so that they may not depend on the assistance and support of government. Sharon McClements et al (2002) concluded that the Construction Best Practice Programme, have developed a benchmarking gateway known as KPI zone. In construction fi In construction field, many problems are attributed to UK consumer's refusal to recognise and pay for value added to the products produced by the small investors. Because of this, the investors are not able recover their investments and expenses through sales which tends them to expect government subsidies to support them. The investors are not in a position to bear the smallest price increase in power tariff. There are two types of economic nationalism. The first protection in trade is represented in establishing a system of rates and tariffs in favour of domestic production and discourages foreign imports. This kind of protection is desired to encourage establishment of industrial base in UK by saving small and infant industries against the competition of larger and well-established firms in abroad. The second economic protectionism is a post world war -II phenomenon that is related to the proprietorship as UK businesses by foreign traders and investors. Multinational companies have been set up after world war-II due to immense investments of foreigners in UK business. Multinational companies thought that they could evade tariff restrictors in UK by introducing their own branches plants and subsidiaries, which allowed them to go to markets, mobilize resources and capital and get favours with UK government. These kinds of investments have created to the economic nationalism due to expansion of multinational companies. The foreign owned companies could not take central position over economic decisions from their head office from outside UK. The economists in UK are compelled to demand for bringing out a legislation to oversee the activities and restrain the growth of foreign ownership in UK economy. UK is one of the members of many international groups; one amongst them is G-8, the eight largest industrial democracies. The G-8 countries heads of governments

Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causes, Diagnosis and Support

Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causes, Diagnosis and Support Autism Spectrum disorders Introduction Autism awareness in todays society has moved from the shadow of shame and unknown to the forefront of research and education as an increasing number of children and people with Autism Spectrum disorders gain attention in every aspect of their everyday lives. This paper will attempt to explore the many faces of autism: identification, possible causes, treatment, societal reaction/interaction, the learning/teaching cooperative, and expectations for the future regarding this disorder in an ever evolving and expanding society. What is Autism? How does it manifest? Are there specific characteristics inherent to the disorder? How was it discovered? Who gets it? How is it diagnosed? When? Has the cause been identified? Is it hereditary, environmental or societal? Is there a cure? What kind of treatment is available, and how has it changed since discovery of the disorder? Do autistic children face specific learning challenges? What teaching methods best reach autistic children? Are some methods more effective than others? Autism is very broad, far-reaching and involved, but herein I expect to go from a brief discussion of the broad topic to the specific: How does autism affect the learning/teaching relationship between children and teachers? What is Autism? Autism was first thought to be mental retardation or insanity. In 1943, Leo Kanner noticed that these children did not fit the pattern of emotionally disturbed children and instead recorded patterns of being slow learners. Hans Asperger, making similar discoveries, discovered what has come to be known as Aspergers Syndrome often used to label autistic people that can talk. Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger, working completely independent of one another, recognized autism for what it was: a developmental disorder that interferes with a childs communication, social and interaction behavior. (Carew, 2009) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). It is a bio-neurological developmental disability usually appearing before the age of three, best known for impairing a childs ability to communicate and interact. Life-long disabilities significantly impact several areas of development: communication impairments, social difficulty, sensory processing deficits and a need for solid routines within their lives. Characteristics of Autism manifests in a myriad of ways: delay in verbal development, a need to finish what they begin, a rather h3 resistance to change in daily routine, lack of spontaneity, distress at being touched and the ability to show any kind of emotion, as well as an inability to process and respond to humor. There are five subcategories associated with ASD, each with its own distinctive and unique features: Autistic Disorder, Aspergers Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Retts Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Treatment within each subcategory is as diverse and varied as the individual being treated, depending on the individuals personality, unique symptoms and manifestation of autism. How is it Diagnosed? To help determine the difference between autism and mental retardation, a qualified professional will examine and score children who are suspected of having autism through a questionnaire based on direct observation by professionals and reports given by parents, family members, and teachers. This test is known as CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and was developed by Eirc Shopler, Robert Reichier and Barbara Rochen Reiner. (Schopler, Reichler, DeVellis, Daly, 1980) CARS was published in 1980, but the development began a lot earlier, in 1966. A Study conducted by the University of Texas Health Science Center determined an accuracy rating of 98% in diagnosing children and showed encouraging results in diagnosing adolescents as well. CARS incorporates the criteria of Leo Kanner (1943) and Creak (1964), and characteristic symptoms of childhood autism. (Schopler et al., 1980) The test focuses on 15 categories of behaviors, characteristics, and abilities and how the expected development is different than the actual development if autistic symptoms are present. The categories are: Relating to people, imitation, emotional response, body use, object use, adaptation to change, visual response, listening response, taste, smell and touch response and use, fear or nervousness, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, activity level, level and consistency of intellectual response, and general impressions. A child can score on a scale of one to four. Scoring a one meets a normal range for a childs age and scoring a four means the child is severely abnormal. (Secor, 2009) Who Gets It? Although it is unclear how much of the surge reflects better diagnosis, recent data suggests a 10-fold increase in autism rates over the past decade. The journal, Pediatrics, released on October 5, 2009, reported one percent of U.S. children ages 3-17 have an Autism Spectrum disorder, a prevalence of 1 in 91. This is a dramatic increase from the 2007 report by the Center for Disease Control reported 1 in 150 children diagnosed with Autism. Boys are diagnosed four times more often than girls. There has been no connection established regarding socio-economic status, race or religion in identifying autistic individuals. (Kogan, 2009) Cause of Autism All over the world, researchers are working to find just what causes Autism. However no direct, specific cause of Autism has been determined, to date. The pressure to identify a cause is a top priority among researchers and it appears, due to the various levels of severity and combinations of symptoms, there may be multiple causes and scientific evidence suggests both genetic and/or environmental factors. Because of intense research, there are several specific claims that have been disproven. Bruno Bettelheim, a once well-renowned child psychologist, blamed autism on parents, specifically mothers, claiming they did not properly bond with their children. There is no evidence to support that claim. Due in large part to Dr. Bernard Rimland, who has an autistic son, founded the Autism Society of America and the Autism Research institute. Dr. Rimland was instrumental in helping to determine autism as a biological disorder not a causal effect, ie., neglect, isolation, cold, indifferent or bad parenting. He disproved the theory by defining ASDs as biological disorders, not emotional illnesses in his book, Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior (Rimland, 1964). However, Dr Rimland is a proponent of another high profile controversial claim suggesting vaccinations given to children during babyhood may be a cause of the disorder. Despite Dr Rimlands advocacy and beliefs, this claim has little or no scientific backing. In fact, in a timely ruling Friday, March 12, 2010, the so-called vaccine court, a special branch of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, found that the mercury-containing vaccine preservative thimerosal is not to blame for autism, and concluded the last of three cases on theories related to a vaccine-autism relationship. A 2009 ruling rejected a theory that thimerasol can cause autism when combined with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, which perhaps was based on a discredited medical journal article published in 1998 by British physician, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, linking a particular type of autism and bowel disease to the measles vaccine. The 2009 ruling predicated the dropping of a second case based on a theory that certain vaccines alone cause autism. Interestingly, in this third case, the court found that none of the expert witnesses who argued mercury can have a variety of effects on the brain, offered opinions on the cause of autism in any of the three specific cases argued. (Schmid, 2010)(emphasis added) Two studies conducted by researchers at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia link specific genes to autism. One study pinpoints a gene region that may account for as many as 15 percent of autism cases, while another study identifies missing or duplicated stretches of DNA along two crucial gene pathways. Significantly, both studies detected genes implicated in the development of brain circuitry in early childhood. (Wang, 2009) A specific connection between fragile x (FXS) and autism has also been found. Dr. Don Bailey , director of the Frank Porter Graham Institute, and colleagues found that in young boys with FXS, 25% met the criteria for autism using the (CARS). Their profile of behaviors was very similar to that of children with autism but without fragile X. Consequently, they also found that children with autism and FXS together, had a lower IQ than children with either FXS alone or autism alone. (Bailey, Jr., Hatton, et al., 2001) Methods of Treatment Since 1943, many ways have been developed to help the autistic child. Then, the famous Sigmund Freud discovered that parents who did not attempt to communicate with an autistic child saw no progress, while a close parent/child relationship seemed to cause the child to thrive and move forward. Although it lingered well into the 50s and 60s, Freuds theory lacked two critical bits information: first, oftentimes the parent didnt try to interact with the child due to the Autistic behavior; and second, in some cases it was a genetically inherited personality. For a time, children were removed from their home to see if they would recover although there was no clear-cut evidence of any value in future use of this method. Due to research and study, it was found that facilitated communication could teach the child to communicate with the world; for example an autistic child could be taught to manage and control his emotions; a parent could help a child desensitize from the over sensitivity to sound. Today, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Occupational Therapy (OT), Pivotal Response Training (PRT), Physical Therapy (PT), Sensory Integration Therapy, Floortime, and medications, all have a place in accepted scientific treatment. Alternative methods are also sometimes used. These can include Dietary intervention, Vitamins and Minerals, Social Skills Groups, Music and Art Therapy, and even Dolphin Therapy. One of the most tried and true methods utilized today, Applied Behavior Therapy (ABA) is usually accompanied by Physical Therapy and Occupational therapy. As with any treatment there are good and bad points associated with each. ABA was developed by Dr. Ivar Lovaas and contains the B.F. Skinners theories on operant conditioning. This treatment includes rewards which may include toys or treats, for acceptable behavior. There is no punishment for wrong or incorrect behavior, however. There are a myriad of steps involved, and a fairly rigid structure to this method. ABA is very time-consuming and has shown many positive results. According to some ongoing research, diet may be fueling Autism. There is convincing empirical evidence that special diets help autistic individuals. Karl Reichelt of Oslo has been a pioneer in this area for decades, showing the highly significant effects of removing gluten, gliadin and casein from the diets of autistic children. There are now about forty research studies in Norway, the U.K., Italy, and the United States supporting this finding. Special diets are, most often, hard to implement. Eighteen research reports have been published since 1965, by scientists in six countries showing that about half of all autistic children and adults improve significantly when given large amounts of B6. Unlike drugs, B6 is a safe, natural substance that the brain requires. This vitamin, along with the mineral magnesium, is used in the production of serotonin. In a comprehensive review of the neurochemistry of autism, published in 1990, Dr. Edwin Cook wrote, The most consistent finding has been that over 25% of autistic children and adolescents are hyperserotonemic. However, after 29 years of investigation, the mechanism of hyperserotonemia has not been determined. (Genetics, autism and priorities, 1997) Teaching Methods Autistic children all have specific learning challenges; however, the method of approach depends entirely on the child. When teaching an autistic child, environmental considerations, a set schedule and routine for the student and a visual structure the student can see clearly to enable them to understand what is expected of them, and when it is expected of them. No one method is necessarily better than another. Many of the various methods utilize the same basic principles needed to help focus and teach a child with autism. An effective instructional strategy is one that incorporates structure, a communication system, sensory accommodations, individualized programming, inclusion, social integration and access to the general curriculum. It is important to find research-based methodology that has proven effective through application and data collection. This helps enhance the effectiveness and accountability of the program. There are also different teaching approaches enabling students with this disorder to learn and function as well as any other student in the classroom. No one approach has proven more effective. However, Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) (Shopler, E 1997) incorporates several methodologies and techniques into one program. Developed in the 1970s at the University of North Carolinas School of Medicine, the philosophy behind TEACCH was: the environment should be changed to meet the needs of the students, not the students changed to meet the needs of the environment. Techniques are developed to meet the specific communication, social and coping needs of the student. The goal is to help students with ASDs learn functional skills so they can live productively and reach their full potential at school and home, and later in their community and working lives. TEACCH stresses the need for elements of behavioral and cognitive interventions, direct teaching of social skills, the need for structure, and the use of visual cues to show tasks to be done in work or play areas. Another stand alone method of teaching, also one of the components within TEACCH, Structure-Positive-Empathetic-Low Arousal- Links (SPELL), emphasizes a clear routine and an atmosphere that helps maximize positive relationships and reduce anxiety while teaching children with ASD. This can be accomplished by trying to anticipate the experiences, settings, or problems the children may consider threatening. This methodology has been integrated into most of the centers run by the National Autistic Society. Basic strategies need to be implemented inside a classroom to help transition students with ASD. These include: A clear structure and daily routine Use of clear and unambiguous language (not a lot of humor or irony) Make clear which behaviors are unacceptable Address the child individually Provide a warning if there is an impending change in routine or activity switch Know the students ticks and what abnormal behavior might be Specific teaching using photographs, video recording, how feeling are expressed and communicated so they can be recognized. Regular opportunity for simple conversations to help increase the use of how and why questions Use charts to record behavioral progress reinforcement How Does Autism Affect the Learning/Teaching Relationship Between Children and Teachers? Any teacher can get very frustrated with children in general, and if a disability is added to the equation, it can make for a difficult learning and teaching experience for both parties involved. It is important to remember what the student is going through and having to deal with. Patience truly is a virtue for the teacher, combined with empathy, understanding, encouragement and compassion. Within any teaching strategy, to work and develop a method of structured teaching, there must be an understanding of the unique features and characteristics of the autistic child. A teacher must organize the childs environment so the child is able to focus on relevant information and not be distracted by irrelevant things. The teacher must also develop appropriate activities to engage the student and not frustrate them. The instructor must also help the student understand what is expected of them so they do not have any disruptions to their routine or be inadvertently thrust outside of their comfort zone. Despite a teachers best efforts to reduce the stress, anxiety and frustration of the environment, behavioral challenges will still arise, depending on the characteristics of the autistic child. Conclusion Autistic Spectrum Disorder has come out of the shadows and gained notoriety in todays society through the actions of celebrities, organizations, and parents of autistic children as awareness of this increasingly prevalent disorder increases exponentially with research, education and mainstreaming. Since it was identified just a little over a half century ago, ASD has gained attention and momentum and tremendous strides in identification, possible causes, treatment, societal reaction/interaction, the learning/teaching cooperative, have provided lofty expectations for the future. While teaching students with ASD is challenging, it can also be hugely rewarding. Teaching methods like TEACCH, which encompass the basic principles and techniques found to be most effective and least upsetting for the autistic child: consistency in a passive environment, an unvaried schedule and basic repetitive routine enable teachers to help the autistic student learn and progress within a safety zone geared toward their own individual learning style. Although there is no cure, there have been significant strides in identifying, developing and implementing new treatments every day. Children with ASD are often able to lead full, happy, and productive lives, interacting with society on their own terms. One can only hope that the strides of today will be not only matched but outpaced in the future as ASD becomes not a mysterious disorder of unknown origin, but a minor affliction overcome by millions, unidentifiable and without stigma in the mainstream world. Bibliography Carew, Betty. (2009, January 28). The History of autism. Retrieved from http://healthmad.com/children/the-history-of-autism/ Kogan, Michael, et al. (2009). Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007. Pediatrics, 10.1542(1522) Schopler, E, Reichler, RJ, DeVellis, RF, Daly, K. (1980). Toward Objective classification of childhood autism: childhood autism rating scale (cars). J Autism Dev Disorder, 10(1), 91-103. Secor, M.L. (2009, january 6). Child autism rating scale. Retrieved from http://autism.lovetoknow.com/Childhood_Autism_Rating_Scale Rimland, Bernard. (1964). Infantile autism: the syndrome and its implications for a neural theory of behavior. New York: Prentice Hall. Schmid, Randolph. (2010, march 12). Court says thimerosal did not cause autism. Associated Press, Wang, Kai, et al. (2009). common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders. Nature, 459(528-533), Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7246/full/nature07999.html Bailey, D. B., Jr., D. D. Hatton, et al. (2001). Autistic behavior, fmr1 protein, and developmental trajectories in young males with fragile x syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 31(2), 165-174. Genetics, autism and priorities. (1997). Autism Research Review International, 11(2), Retrieved from http://autism.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ/YazTi=1sdn=autismcdn=healthtm=27f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http%3A//www.autism.com/ari/faq/faq_diets.htm Exkorn, Karen Siff. (2005). The autism sourcebook everything you need to know about diagnosis, treatment, coping, and healing. New York, NY: HarperCollins. Shopler, E (1997) Implementation of TEACCH philosophy. In D. Cohen and F. Volkmar (eds). Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. New York: Wiley. Autism Spectrum disorders Introduction Autism awareness in todays society has moved from the shadow of shame and unknown to the forefront of research and education as an increasing number of children and people with Autism Spectrum disorders gain attention in every aspect of their everyday lives. This paper will attempt to explore the many faces of autism: identification, possible causes, treatment, societal reaction/interaction, the learning/teaching cooperative, and expectations for the future regarding this disorder in an ever evolving and expanding society. What is Autism? How does it manifest? Are there specific characteristics inherent to the disorder? How was it discovered? Who gets it? How is it diagnosed? When? Has the cause been identified? Is it hereditary, environmental or societal? Is there a cure? What kind of treatment is available, and how has it changed since discovery of the disorder? Do autistic children face specific learning challenges? What teaching methods best reach autistic children? Are some methods more effective than others? Autism is very broad, far-reaching and involved, but herein I expect to go from a brief discussion of the broad topic to the specific: How does autism affect the learning/teaching relationship between children and teachers? What is Autism? Autism was first thought to be mental retardation or insanity. In 1943, Leo Kanner noticed that these children did not fit the pattern of emotionally disturbed children and instead recorded patterns of being slow learners. Hans Asperger, making similar discoveries, discovered what has come to be known as Aspergers Syndrome often used to label autistic people that can talk. Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger, working completely independent of one another, recognized autism for what it was: a developmental disorder that interferes with a childs communication, social and interaction behavior. (Carew, 2009) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). It is a bio-neurological developmental disability usually appearing before the age of three, best known for impairing a childs ability to communicate and interact. Life-long disabilities significantly impact several areas of development: communication impairments, social difficulty, sensory processing deficits and a need for solid routines within their lives. Characteristics of Autism manifests in a myriad of ways: delay in verbal development, a need to finish what they begin, a rather h3 resistance to change in daily routine, lack of spontaneity, distress at being touched and the ability to show any kind of emotion, as well as an inability to process and respond to humor. There are five subcategories associated with ASD, each with its own distinctive and unique features: Autistic Disorder, Aspergers Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Retts Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Treatment within each subcategory is as diverse and varied as the individual being treated, depending on the individuals personality, unique symptoms and manifestation of autism. How is it Diagnosed? To help determine the difference between autism and mental retardation, a qualified professional will examine and score children who are suspected of having autism through a questionnaire based on direct observation by professionals and reports given by parents, family members, and teachers. This test is known as CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and was developed by Eirc Shopler, Robert Reichier and Barbara Rochen Reiner. (Schopler, Reichler, DeVellis, Daly, 1980) CARS was published in 1980, but the development began a lot earlier, in 1966. A Study conducted by the University of Texas Health Science Center determined an accuracy rating of 98% in diagnosing children and showed encouraging results in diagnosing adolescents as well. CARS incorporates the criteria of Leo Kanner (1943) and Creak (1964), and characteristic symptoms of childhood autism. (Schopler et al., 1980) The test focuses on 15 categories of behaviors, characteristics, and abilities and how the expected development is different than the actual development if autistic symptoms are present. The categories are: Relating to people, imitation, emotional response, body use, object use, adaptation to change, visual response, listening response, taste, smell and touch response and use, fear or nervousness, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, activity level, level and consistency of intellectual response, and general impressions. A child can score on a scale of one to four. Scoring a one meets a normal range for a childs age and scoring a four means the child is severely abnormal. (Secor, 2009) Who Gets It? Although it is unclear how much of the surge reflects better diagnosis, recent data suggests a 10-fold increase in autism rates over the past decade. The journal, Pediatrics, released on October 5, 2009, reported one percent of U.S. children ages 3-17 have an Autism Spectrum disorder, a prevalence of 1 in 91. This is a dramatic increase from the 2007 report by the Center for Disease Control reported 1 in 150 children diagnosed with Autism. Boys are diagnosed four times more often than girls. There has been no connection established regarding socio-economic status, race or religion in identifying autistic individuals. (Kogan, 2009) Cause of Autism All over the world, researchers are working to find just what causes Autism. However no direct, specific cause of Autism has been determined, to date. The pressure to identify a cause is a top priority among researchers and it appears, due to the various levels of severity and combinations of symptoms, there may be multiple causes and scientific evidence suggests both genetic and/or environmental factors. Because of intense research, there are several specific claims that have been disproven. Bruno Bettelheim, a once well-renowned child psychologist, blamed autism on parents, specifically mothers, claiming they did not properly bond with their children. There is no evidence to support that claim. Due in large part to Dr. Bernard Rimland, who has an autistic son, founded the Autism Society of America and the Autism Research institute. Dr. Rimland was instrumental in helping to determine autism as a biological disorder not a causal effect, ie., neglect, isolation, cold, indifferent or bad parenting. He disproved the theory by defining ASDs as biological disorders, not emotional illnesses in his book, Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior (Rimland, 1964). However, Dr Rimland is a proponent of another high profile controversial claim suggesting vaccinations given to children during babyhood may be a cause of the disorder. Despite Dr Rimlands advocacy and beliefs, this claim has little or no scientific backing. In fact, in a timely ruling Friday, March 12, 2010, the so-called vaccine court, a special branch of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, found that the mercury-containing vaccine preservative thimerosal is not to blame for autism, and concluded the last of three cases on theories related to a vaccine-autism relationship. A 2009 ruling rejected a theory that thimerasol can cause autism when combined with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, which perhaps was based on a discredited medical journal article published in 1998 by British physician, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, linking a particular type of autism and bowel disease to the measles vaccine. The 2009 ruling predicated the dropping of a second case based on a theory that certain vaccines alone cause autism. Interestingly, in this third case, the court found that none of the expert witnesses who argued mercury can have a variety of effects on the brain, offered opinions on the cause of autism in any of the three specific cases argued. (Schmid, 2010)(emphasis added) Two studies conducted by researchers at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia link specific genes to autism. One study pinpoints a gene region that may account for as many as 15 percent of autism cases, while another study identifies missing or duplicated stretches of DNA along two crucial gene pathways. Significantly, both studies detected genes implicated in the development of brain circuitry in early childhood. (Wang, 2009) A specific connection between fragile x (FXS) and autism has also been found. Dr. Don Bailey , director of the Frank Porter Graham Institute, and colleagues found that in young boys with FXS, 25% met the criteria for autism using the (CARS). Their profile of behaviors was very similar to that of children with autism but without fragile X. Consequently, they also found that children with autism and FXS together, had a lower IQ than children with either FXS alone or autism alone. (Bailey, Jr., Hatton, et al., 2001) Methods of Treatment Since 1943, many ways have been developed to help the autistic child. Then, the famous Sigmund Freud discovered that parents who did not attempt to communicate with an autistic child saw no progress, while a close parent/child relationship seemed to cause the child to thrive and move forward. Although it lingered well into the 50s and 60s, Freuds theory lacked two critical bits information: first, oftentimes the parent didnt try to interact with the child due to the Autistic behavior; and second, in some cases it was a genetically inherited personality. For a time, children were removed from their home to see if they would recover although there was no clear-cut evidence of any value in future use of this method. Due to research and study, it was found that facilitated communication could teach the child to communicate with the world; for example an autistic child could be taught to manage and control his emotions; a parent could help a child desensitize from the over sensitivity to sound. Today, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Occupational Therapy (OT), Pivotal Response Training (PRT), Physical Therapy (PT), Sensory Integration Therapy, Floortime, and medications, all have a place in accepted scientific treatment. Alternative methods are also sometimes used. These can include Dietary intervention, Vitamins and Minerals, Social Skills Groups, Music and Art Therapy, and even Dolphin Therapy. One of the most tried and true methods utilized today, Applied Behavior Therapy (ABA) is usually accompanied by Physical Therapy and Occupational therapy. As with any treatment there are good and bad points associated with each. ABA was developed by Dr. Ivar Lovaas and contains the B.F. Skinners theories on operant conditioning. This treatment includes rewards which may include toys or treats, for acceptable behavior. There is no punishment for wrong or incorrect behavior, however. There are a myriad of steps involved, and a fairly rigid structure to this method. ABA is very time-consuming and has shown many positive results. According to some ongoing research, diet may be fueling Autism. There is convincing empirical evidence that special diets help autistic individuals. Karl Reichelt of Oslo has been a pioneer in this area for decades, showing the highly significant effects of removing gluten, gliadin and casein from the diets of autistic children. There are now about forty research st